« Go Back

References

1. Campbell, K. E., et al. Trends in Alcohol-Related Fatal Traffic Accidents: NIAAA Surveillance Report #38. Bethesda, Maryland: USPHS, 1996.

2.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Ninth Special Report to The U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health. (June, 1997) Available at http://odphp.osophs.dhhs.gov/pubs/HP2000/hppub97.htm.

3. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Alcohol Alert: Drinking and Driving. No. 31 PH. (January 1996) Available at www://silk.nih.gov/silk/niaaa1/aa31.htm.

4. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol and Health. Ninth Special Report to the U.S. Congress. Washington, D.C.: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1997.

5. Johnson, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., and Bachman, J. G. National Survey Results on Drug Use from The Monitoring The Future Study, 1975-1997. Washington, D. C.: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Vol. I: Secondary School Students, 1998; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (www.nhtsa.dot.gov).

6. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The 1998 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Washington, D.C.: SAMHSA, 1999, Table 14. Available at www.samhsa.gov.

7. PRIDE Survey. News from PRIDE Surveys, Sept. 8, 1999 (press release).

8. Presley, C. A., Meilman, P., and Lylerla, R. Alcohol and Drugs on American Campuses: Use, Consequences, and Perceptions of the College Environment. Volume I: 1989-1991. Carbondale, IL: The CORE Institute, 1993; Presley, C. A., Leichliter, J. S., and Meilman, P. W. Alcohol and Drugs on American Campuses: A Report to College Presidents. Third in a Series: 1995, 1996, and 1997. Carbondale, Illinois: The CORE Institute, 1998.

9. Astin, A. W., Parrott, S. A., Korn, W. S., and Sax, L. J. The American Freshman: Thirty Year Trends, 1966-1996. Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Higher Education Research Institute, 1997, p. 21.

10. Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G. W., Maenner, G., Gledhill-Hoyt, J., and Lee, H. Changes in binge drinking and related problems among American college students between 1993 and 1997: Results of the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Survey. Journal of American College Health, 1998, 47, 57-68.

11. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1999 (www.isr.umich/src/mtf).

12. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill News Services. Nationally unique breathalyzer study shows most UNC-CH students don't drink alcohol, even on traditional "party" nights. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill News Service, press release, August 10, 1999.

13. Reference not available at this time.

14. Haines, M. P. A Social Norms Approach to Reducing Binge Drinking at Colleges and Universities. Newton, Massachusetts: Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1996.

15. Moskowitz, H. Driving Under the Influence. In: Ammerman, R. T., Ott, P. J., and Tarter, R. E. (Eds.). Prevention and Societal Impact of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum, 1999. Pp. 109-123.

16. Simpson, H. M., and Mayhew, D. R. The Hard Core Drinking Driver. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 1991, pp. 23-24.

17. Smiley, A. Marijuana: onroad and driving simulator studies. Alcohol, Drugs, and Driving: Abstracts and Review, 1986, 2, 121-134. A survey of nearly of nearly six thousand teen-age drivers demonstrated that those who had driven six or more times a month after smoking marijuana were about two and a half times more likely to have an accident than those who did not. Among those teens who had driven fifteen or more dtimes a month after smoking marijuana, the chances of having an accident rose to three timjes as high (Hingson, R. et al. Journal of Safety Research, 1982, 13, 33-38).

18. Meer, J. Marijuana in the air: delayed buzz bomb. Psychology Today, 1986 (February), 68-69.

19. Crouch, D. Alternative Drugs, Specimens, and Approaches for Non-Regulated Drug Testing. In Karch, S. B. (Ed.) Drug Abuse Handbook. Boca Raton, Louisiana: CRC Press, 1998. Pp. 776-783.

20. Addiction Research Foundation. Alcohol, other drugs and driving. The Journal, 1992. See also Brookhoff, D., et al. Testing reckless drivers for cocaine and marijuana. New England Journal of Medicine, 1994, 331, 518-522; Saylor, K. E., et al. The high way: driving under influences other than alcohol. Journal of the American Medical Medical Association, 1992, 267, 652; Kirby, J. M., et al. Comparability of alcohol and drug use in injured drivers. Southern Medical Journal, 1992, 85, 800-802; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Use of Controlled Substances and Highway Safety: A Report to Congress. Washington, DC: Department of Transportation; Skolnick, A. Illicit drugs take still another toll: death or injury from vehicle associated trauma. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1990, 263, 3122-3125.

Addiction Research Foundation research found that, of vehicle crash victime who tested positive for either legal substances or illegal drugs, only 15% had consumed only alcohol. (Hingson, R., Heeren, T., Mangione, T., Morelock, S., and Mucatel, M. Journal of Safety Research, 1982, 13, 33-38.)

Between 9 and 37% of injured drivers test positive for marijuana, and the proportion is probably much higher among young people. (Meer, J. Marijuana in the air: Delayed buzz bomb. Psychology Today, 1986 (February), pp. 68-69.)

A survey of nearly 6,000 teen-age drivers demonstrated that those who had driven six or more times a month after smoking marijuana were about two and a half times more likely to have an accident than those who did not. Among those teens who had driven 15 or more times a month after smoking marijuana, the chances of having an accident rose to three times as high. (Addiction Research Foundation. Alcohol, other drugs and driving. The Journal, 1992. See also Brookoff, D., et al. Testing reckless drivers for cocaine and marijuana. New England Journal of Medicine, 1994, 331, 518-522; Saylor, K. E., et al. The high way: Driving under influences other than alcohol. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1992, 267, 652; Kirby, J. M., et al. Comparability of alcohol and drug use in injured drivers. Southern Medical Journal, 1992, 85, 800-802; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Use of Controlled Substances and Highway Safety: A Report to Congress. Washington, D. C.: Department of Transportation; Skolnick, A. Illicit drugs take still another toll: Death or injury from vehicle-associated trauma. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1990, 263, 3122-3125.)

21.Meister, F. A. A comprehensive approach to DWI. Healthy Drinking, 1995, 9, 20-21, p. 21.

22. National Sleep Foundation data reported in "American Needs More Sleep, Study Says" (www.dui.com/whatsnew/sleep.html); Mann, D. Driving dangerously by driving drowsy: Experts say sleepy drivers may be as hangerous as drunken drivers. WebMD Health (http://my.webmd.com/content/article/1728.57152) 6-2-2000.

23. Alm, H., and Nelsson, L. Changes in driver behaviour as a function of handsfree mobile telephones. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1994, 26, 441-451; Brookhuis, K. A., et al. The effects of mobile telephoning on driving performance. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1991, 23(4), 309-316; Redelmeier, D. A., and Tibshirani, R. J. Association between cellular telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. New England Journal of Medicine, 1997, 336(7); Violanti, J. M., and McKnight, A. S. The effect of cellular phone use upon drivers inattention. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1993, 25(3), 259-265.

24. If someone is killed in a struck vehicle during the daylight hours on Monday through Thursday, the chances are less than 1 in 10 that the victim was impaired by alcohol. The chances are more like 9 in 10 for a single-vehicle accident occurring in the early morning hours on a weekend to involve alcohol. Drunk drivers are more likely to kill themselves and those in their cars than to kill others.(New York State Governor's Traffic Safety Committee. Steer Clear of Aggressive Driving. 1998 [pamphlet].)

Readings (Listing does not imply endorsement)

Drinking and driving by teens, impaired driving, DWI, drink driving, traffic crash statistics, and related topics on the subject of drinking, driving, and young people are covered by these readings.

Astin, A., et al. The American Freshman: Thirty Year Trends, 1966-1996. Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Higher Education Research Institute, 1997.

Benjamin, T. (Ed.). Young Drivers Impaired by Alcohol and Other Drugs. London and New York: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1987.

Berardelli, P. Safe Young Drivers: A Guide for Parents and Teens. Vienna, VA: Nautilus Communications, 2000.

Brookhuis, K. A., et al. The effects of mobile telephoning on driving performance. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1991, 23(4), 309-316.

Campbell, K. E., et al. Trends in Alcohol-Related Fatal Traffic Accidents. Bethesda, MD: United States Public Health Service, 1996.

Catchpole, J. Why are Young Drivers Over-Represented in Traffic Accidents? Vermont, South, Victoria, Australia: Australian Road Research Board, 1994.

Doherty, S. T. Young drivers and graduated licensing: the Ontario case. Transportation, 1997, 24(3), 227-251.

Donelson, , A. C., et al. The Role of Alcohol in Fatal Traffic Crashes: British Columbia. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Traffic Safety Research Foundation, 1989.

Duncan, D. F. Chronic drinking, binge drinking, and drunk driving. Psychological Reports, 1987, 80(2), 681.

Engs, R. C., and Hanson, D. J. Drinking games and problems related to drinking among moderate and heavy drinkers. Psychological Reports, 1993, 73, 175-181.

Frisbie, T. Talking mobile. Traffic Safety, 1991, 91(2), 26-28.

Haines, M. P. A Social Norms Approach to Preventing Binge Drinking at Colleges and Universities. Newton, MA: Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1996. (This very useful book is available free by calling 1-800-676-1730.)

Hans, M. Innovative programs target young drivers. Traffic Safety, 1996, 96(5), 6-9.

Hans, M. Graduated licensing: training wheels for young drivers. Traffic Safety, 1996, 96(2), 6-9.

Hansen, W. B., and Graham, J. W. Preventing alcohol, marijuana and cigarette use among adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 1991, 20.

Hanson, D. J. Alcohol Education: What We Must Do. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996.

Hanson, D. J., and Engs, R. C. The alcohol knowledge and drinking myths of a national sample of university students. Journal of College Student Development, 1989.

McGwin, G. Characteristics of traffic crashes among young, middle-aged, and older drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1999, 31(3), 181-198.

McKnight, A. J., and McKnight, A. S. The effect of cullular phone use upon driver inattention. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1993, 25(3), 259-265.

Milgram, G. G. The Facts about Alcohol. Mount Vernon, NY: Consumers Union, 1990.

Moulden, J. V. Alcohol Education: A Long-Term Strategy for Preventing Transportation Accidents. In: Benjamin, T. (Ed.). London and New York: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1987.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Youth Fatal Crash and Alcohol Facts. Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1998.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally Injured Drivers. Washington, D. C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1993.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Traffic Safety Facts, 1997: Young Adults. Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1998.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol and Health. Washington, D. C.: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1997.

O'Malley, P. M., et al. Alcohol use among adolescents. Alcohol Health & Research World, 1998, 22(2), 85-93.

Petica, S. Risks of cellular phone usage in the car and its impact on road safety. Recherche-Transports-Securite, 1993, 37, 45-56.

Presley, C. A., et al. Alcohol and Drugs on American Campuses: Use, Consequences, and Perceptions of the College Environment. Carbondale, IL: CORE Institute, 1993.

Presley, C. A., et al. Alcohol and Drugs on American Campuses: A Report to College Presidents. Carbondale, IL: CORE Institute, 1998.

Redelmeier, D. A., and Tibshirani, R. J. Association between cellular telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. New England Journal of Medicine, 1997, 336(7).

Ross, H. L. Confronting Drunk Driving. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.

Schulenberg, J., et al. Adolescent risk factors for binge drinking during the transition to young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 1996, 32(4), 654-674.

Simpson, H. M., and Mayhew, D. R. The Hard Core Drinking Driver. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Traffic Safety Research Foundation, 1991.

Spierer, E. Young Drivers and Alcohol: Educational Measures and Programmes. In: Benjamin, T. Ed.). Young Drivers Impaired by Alcohol and Other Drugs. London and New York: Royal Society of Medicine Services, 1987. Pp. 227-235.

Violanti, J. M., et al. Cellular phones and traffic safety. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, 28, 265-270.

Wechsler, H., et al. Changes in binge drinking and related problems among American college students between 1993-1997: Results of the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Survey. Journal of American College Health, 1998, 47, 57-68.

Williams, A. F. Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers. Public Health Reports, 1985, 100(1), 19-25.

Williams, T. P. The Relative Role of Alcohol as a Contributing Factor in the Over-Representation of Young Drivers in Highway Crashes. Albany, NY: New York State Division of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Bureau of Alcohol and Highway Safety, 1981.


AUDIOVISUAL

Allstate Insurance Co. Young Drivers: The High-Risk Years. (Northbrook, IL: Allstate Insurance Co., 1998. (15 min., col., ‡ in.)