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Readings (Listing does not imply endorsement)

Baer, J. S., et al. Biases in the perception of drinking norms among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1991, 52, 580-586.

Becker, H.K., et al. Impact Evaluation of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE).
Journal of Drug Education, 1992, 22, 283-291.

Clayton, R.R. et al. The effectiveness of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (Project DARE): 5-year follow-up results. Preventive Medicine, 1996, 25, 307-318.

Clayton, R.R. et al. Persuasive Communication and Drug Prevention: An Evaluation of the DARE Program. In: Donohew, L. et al. (Eds.) Persuasive Communication and Drug Abuse Prevention. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1991. pp. 295-313.

DeJong, W. A short-term evaluation of Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education): Preliminary indications of effectiveness. Journal of Drug Education, 1987, 17, 279-294.

Dukes, R.L. et al. Long-term impact of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.). Evaluation Research, 1997, 21, 483-500.

Dukes, R.L. et al. A three-year follow-up of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.). Evaluation Review, 1996, 20, 49-66.

Ellwood, K. The Effectiveness of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education Curricular Unit on Sixth Graders’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Toward Alcohol Use. Unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Kansas, 1991.

Ennett, S. et al. How effective is Drug Abuse Resistance Education? A meta-analysis of Project DARE outcome evaluations. American Journal of Public Health, 1994, 84, 1394-1401.

Haines, M. P. Using media to change student norms and prevent alcohol abuse: A tested model. Oregon Higher Education Alcohol and Drug Abuse Newsletter. 1993, 1(2),

Haines, M. P., and Spear, A. F. Changing the perceptions of the norm: A strategy to decrease binge drinking among college students. Journal of American College Health, 1996, 45, 134-140.

Haines, M. P. A Social Norms Approach to Preventing Binge Drinking at Colleges and Universities. Newton, Massachusetts: Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1996

Hansen, W. B., and Graham, J. W. Preventing alcohol, marijuana and cigarette use among adolescents: Peer pressure resistance training versus establishing conservative social norms. Preventive Medicine1991, 20, 414-430.

Hanson, D. J. Effectiveness of specific public policies on substance abuse prevention. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 1996, 9, 235-238.

Hawaii State Department of Education. DARE Program Follow-Up Evaluation, 1988. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii State Department of Education, 1989. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) document number ED 311 325.

Johnson, T.D. An Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Suburban Police Department’s Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) Program on Student Knowledge of Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Wayne State University, 1994.

Linkenbach, J, and Perkins, H.W. Misperceptions of Peer Alcohol Norms in a Statewide Survey of Young Adults. In H. W. Perkins (Ed.), The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educators, Counselors, and Clinicians, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003. pp. 173-181

Linkenbach, J. and Perkins, H.W. Most of Us Are Tobacco Free: An Eight-Month Social Norms Campaign Reducing Youth Initiation of Smoking in Montana. In H. W. Perkins (Ed.), The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educators, Counselors, and Clinicians, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003. pp. 224-234.

Linkenbach, J. et al. Parents' Perceptions of Parenting Norms: Using the Social Norms Approach to Reinforce Effective Parenting. In H. W. Perkins (Ed.), The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educators, Counselors, and Clinicians, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003, pp. 247-258

Lynan, D.R. et al. Project DARE: No effects at 10-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1999, 67(4), 590-593.

Murgoff, V., et al. Moderating binge drinking. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 1996, 31(6), 577.

Perkins, H. W. Scope of the Problem: Misperceptions of alcohol and drugs. Prevention through correcting misperceptions of alcohol and other drug norms: Notes on the state of the field. Catalyst, 1995, 1(3), 1-2.

Perkins, H. W., and Wechsler, H. Variations in perceived college drinking norms and its impact on alcohol abuse: A nationwide study. Journal of Drug Issues, 1996, 26, 961-974.

Perkins, H. W. (Editor). The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educators, Counselors, and Clinicians. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 2003.

Perkins, H. W. The Emergence and Evolution of the Social Norms Approach to Substance Abuse . In H. W. Perkins (Ed.), The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educators, Counselors, and Clinicians, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003, pp. 3-17

Perkins, H. W. and Craig, D.W. The Hobart and William Smith Colleges Experiment: A Synergistic Social Norms Approach Using Print, Electronic Media and Curriculum Infusion to Reduce Collegiate Problem Drinking. In H. W. Perkins (Ed.), The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educators, Counselors, and Clinicians, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003, pp. 35-64

Perkins, H. W. College Student Perceptions of Alcohol and Other Drug Norms among Peers: Exploring Causes. Consequences, and Implications for Prevention Programs. In: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention. The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention. Newton, Massachusetts: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1997, Pp. 177-206.

Perkins, H. W., and Craig, D. W. A Multifaceted Social Norms Approach to Reduce High-Risk Drinking. Newton, Massachusetts: the Higher education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 2002.

Perkins, H. W. "The Promise and Challenge of Future Work on the Social Norms Model." In H. W. Perkins (Ed.), The Social Norms Approach to Preventing School and College Age Substance Abuse: A Handbook for Educators, Counselors, and Clinicians, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003, pp. 280-296

Perkins, H. W. and Craig, D.W. A Multifaceted Social Norms Approach to Reduce High-Risk Drinking: Lessons from Hobart and William Smith Colleges. Newton, MA: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 2002.

Perry, C.L. et al. A randomized controlled test of the middle and junior high school D.A.R.E. and D.A.R.E. Plus programs. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 2003, 157(2), 178.

Presley, C. A., et al. Alcohol and Drugs on American College Campuses: Use, Consequences, and Perceptions of the Campus Environment. Carbondale, Illinois: CORE Institute, 1993.

Ringwalt, C. et al. An outcome evaluation of Project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). Health Education Research, 1991, 6, 327-337.

Rosenbaum, D.P. et al. Cops in the classroom: A longitudinal evaluation of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.). Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1994, 31, 3-31.

United States General Accounting Office. Youth Illicit Drug Use Prevention: DARE Long-Term Evaluations and Federal Efforts to Identify Effective Programs. Washington, DC: GAO, 2003. GAO-03-172R

Wood, M. D., et al. Alcohol norms and expectations as predictors of alcohol use and problems in a college student sample. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 1992, 18, 461-47.

Wysong, E. et al. Truth and DARE: Tracking drug education to graduation and as symbolic politics. Social Problems, 1994, 41, 448-472.

Zimmerman, R. Social Marketing Strategies for Campus Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems. Newton, Massachusetts: The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention, 1997.

Websites

National Social Norms Resource Center - http://www.socialnorm.org

Alcohol Education Project - http://academic.hws.edu/alcohol

Higher Education Center - http://www.edc.org/hec/socialnorms

Montana Social Norms Project -http://www.mostofus.org